OROMO AND OROMIA

THE OROMO PEOPLE AND OROMIA 

      

Horn of Africa in 1880's

The Oromo people live in the horn of Africa, mainly in what is today Ethiopia.They make up a significant portion occupying the horn of Africa. Oromo is one of the most numerous nation in Africa. Oromo people are a people that recorded in history by such names such as Punt,Cush,and Ethiopia due to crisis in the history record of east African people. 

The Oromos are the single most dominant national group in the horn of Africa. Oromos are ethnic group found in the currently known as Ethiopia, northern Kenya and parts of Somalia. The horn of Africa is a region with crises for many centuries that leads to the harass and land grab of the Oromo People by others.
 

The Oromo people's home land known as Oromia is approximately located between 3 & 15 degrees north latitude and 33 & 40 degrees longitude . Oromia is 375,000 square miles or 600,000 square kilometers . It means,it is larger than France, and if Cuba, Bulgaria and Britain were put together, they would be approximately equal to Oromia in size. Out of more than 55 African countires Oromia is exceeded in size by only 17 countries. Oromia borders Abyssinia in the north, Ogaden and Somalia in the east and south-east, South sudan and Sudan to the west and Kenya in the south. Oromia was one of the free nations in the horn of Africa until its colonization and occupation by Abyssinia (Ethiopia) at the end of nineteenth century.


The original inhabitants of Oromia, the Oromo people, speak and share one common language known as Oromiffa or also known as Afaan oromo. Oromiffa language is categorized as a cushitic language and it is the third most widely spoken language in Africa, after Arabic and Hausa. The Oromo population is more than 40 million currently but the Ethiopian government reported the Oromo people as only 32 million at the moment. This makes the oromo is the third nationality in Africa and single largest nationality in east Africa.

The Oromo people mainly practice three different religions. These are Waaqeffana (the traditional belief in waqaa or God), Islam and Christianity (Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant).

Long back in history, Oromia is the locale of the 3.5 million years old Lucy (the common name to several hundred pieces of bone representing about 40 % of the skeleton of an individual Australopithecus afarensis that discovered in 1974) or Chaltu in Oromiffa .

Oromia has hosted numerous pioneering human achievements including the development of the earliest pebble tools (circa 7000 b.c), the domestication of animals (circa 5000 b.c), and regional trade in antiquity in gold, ivory, etc. Inspite of all these advantages, a century of colonization by Abyssinia (Ethiopia) a back ward nation itself, has meant that the Oromo people have endured a stagnant existence where ignorance and famine have been coupled with ruthless oppression, subjugation, exploitation and above all extermination .

The Oromo people developed an indigenous democratic system called Gada. Gada system is a system in which elected officials including the Abba gada (president ), the Abba Dula (commander of the army), the Abba hori (chief of the treasury), and nine Hayyuus(Judges) assumed public office for non-renewable 8 years terms.The Gada system can be listed as one of the true origin of modern day democratic leadership .

The Oromo people remained independent until the last decade of the 19th century. In the late decade of the nineteenth century Abyysinians from the north, aided by modern European arms, managed to conquer them. Since then successions of autocrats from Menelik to Meles Zenawi have systematically suppressed Oromo culture, looted Oromo resources , divided the Oromo people by region, religion , etc and tried to eradicate the identity of the Oromo people in the idiom of Ethiopian unity,thus fostering instability, war and famine for over one century .The Oromo  people were colonized during the last quarter of the nineteenth century by a black African nation - Abyssinia with the help of the European colonial powers of the day . During the same period, of course, the Somalis, Kenyans, Sudanese and others were colonized by European powers. The fact that the Oromo were colonized by black African nation makes their case quite special.

During the process of colonization between 1870 and 1900, the Oromo population was reduced from ten to five millions. This period coincides with the occupation of Oromo land by the Abyssinian emperors Yohannes and Menilek. After colonization these emperors and their successors upto Zenawi's EPRDF regime continued to treat Oromo with utmost cruelty. From the beginning of colonization many were killed by the colonial army and settlers, others died of famine and epidemics of various disease or were sold of as slaves. Those who remained on the land were reduced to the status of Gabbar (a peasant from whom labour and products is extracted cruelly) and is a crude form life is introduced to the oromo people and their destiny. In all spheres of life discrimination, subjugation, repression, and exploitation of all forms were applied and continued until today under the arms of dictator Zenawi. Everything possible was done and being done to destroy Oromo identity - culture, language, custom, tradition, name,and origin. In short the general policy of genocide against the oromo people maintained till today from those days on ward to Zenawi's regime. 

Today when nearly all of the African peoples have won independence, the Oromo people continue to suffer under the most backward and savage Ethiopian settler colonialism. Although the Oromo nation is one of the largest in Africa, it is forgotten by or still unknown to the majority of the world today. Unfortunately even the names Oromo and Oromia are unknown to many and this should not be allowed to continue. All genuinely democratic and progressive individual and groups who believe in peace, human dignity, liberty, equality, and security should support the Oromo struggle for liberation.This time is also a right time to understand the peace and security of the oromo people is the base for peace and security in the whole horn of Africa.  

Brief facts : People :           Oromo
                    Country:            Oromia ( Oromiyaa)
                    Language :       Oromiffaa also known as Afaan Oromo
                    Area :                600,000 square kilometers approximately
                    Capital city:      Finfinne (also called Addis Ababa)
                    Population size :  Above 40 million
                    Economy :           Agriculture , trade and tourism
                    Religion:              Waaqeffanna, Islam and Christianity
                    Colonized by :    Abyysinia ( Ethiopia ) since 1887 till today         
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OROMO AND OROMIA 101

THE OROMO PEOPLE AND OROMIA IN BRIEF

The Oromo are indigenous African people inhabiting the North Eastern part of Africa. Their country is called Oromia, which is currently under the domination of the Ethiopian colonial Empire. The Oromo are descendants of the Eastern-Kushitie group of people indigenous to the Horn of Africa, with a population of over 40 million, which makes them one of the largest indigenous peoples of East Africa. A map of the region showing Oromia within the current political boundaries of Ethiopia.

A Few Facts About Oromia

• Oromia is the largest Regional State in the Ethiopian Empire State.
• Oromia (also phonetically spelled as Oromiyaa)
• Oromia has been occupied by Ethiopia (Abyssenia) for over 100 years
• Size: 600,000 Square km (375,000 Square miles); Larger than Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, The Netherlands and France combined

Language

• The Oromo nation has a single common mother tongue, called the Oromo language or Afaan Oromoo or Oromiffa.
• It is the third most-widely spoken language in Africa, after Hausa and Arabic.
• Before colonization, the Oromo had used their own language in social, religious, educational, political, and legal activities.
• The Oromo language has been neglected and suppressed by Ethiopian authorities. In an effort of destroying Oromo national identity, the language of a minority group, Amharic is used as the official or national language.

Population

• The population of oromo is over 40 million in Ethiopian.
• 3rd largest single nationality group in Africa; single largest nationality in East Africa.
• Capital: Finfinnee (also called Addis Ababa).
• Religion: Christianity, Islam and Traditional Belief in God, Waaqaa

Economy

• Mainly agriculture (coffee, several crops, spices, vegetables) and Animal Husbandry; Mining industry; Tourism trade; Medium and small-scale industries (textiles, refineries, meat packaging, etc)
• Breadbasket of the Horn of Africa
• Largest livestock holding in Africa
• Forestry and wildlife reserves of the Horn
• Minerals (gold, silver, platinum, uranium, marble, nickel and natural gas)

History

• An independent loosely confederated nation before being colonized by the Ethiopian empire in the 1890s and still a nation in captivity
• Practiced Gada Systen a democratic Leadership structure, which is similar to Grecian Polls
• Locale of the 3.5 million year old Lucy

Culture

• The Oromo culture is governed by an egalitarian Gada democraticsystem of administration.
• Power to administer the affairs of the nation and the legislative power belongs to the people.
• Respect for elders, women and children are the key components of Oromo Culture.
• A culture of managing conflicts through arbitration/consensus. The hour has not come but it will come, perhaps our children will see the departure of the oppressors Rooba, 1975 voicing his faith in the future of Oromia

Politics

• Conquered after bloody resistance between 1882- 1898, as the result of which the population of Oromo was reduced from 10 million to 5 million
• In 1886 a smallpox epidemic (the first biological warfare used in the region) was used to frighten and weaken Oromo resistance
• Currently thousands of Oromos languish in prison, Many have fled the country.
• Deprived of their rich resources
• Politically marginalized, tortured, and deprived of basic human rights.
• Ongoing killings, extra judicial disappearances, imprisonment, segregation and injustice in the universities, colleges, and educational system